re: Against ‘Folk Scholarship’

We have recently wondered exactly how to and when to use final forms of Hebrew letters in acronyms (עכו”ם not ה”מ):
One of Hyehudi’s wise readers has presently offered us counsel:
When the acronym is pronounced like a word itself, e.g., “Rambam,” “Tanach,” use the final form of the letter. When the acronym is not pronounced as a new word, use the initial form.
  1. Nouns or concepts get finalized letters, phrases, however common, do not.
  2. The more commonly used acronyms get finalized letters, while all others do not.

The first one does seem better, right?

How Centralizing Jewish Defense Made Things Worse for Kibbutz Nitzanim

Here’s Wikipedia for background:

The Battle of Nitzanim was a battle fought between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, on June 7, 1948 (29 Iyar, 5708 in the Hebrew calendar). It was the first major Egyptian victory of the war, and one of the few cases of Israeli surrender.

Israelis viewed the surrender of Nitzanim as a humiliation, especially after the Givati Brigade published a leaflet denouncing the defenders. The residents of Nitzanim demanded a probe into the battle, and one was conducted by the General Staff, siding with the residents and coming to the conclusion that surrender was justified.

OK. So, why was surrender justified? And why were 33 killed, and 105 captured?

Wikipedia is far too vague:

The difficult circumstances of the battle by the residents of Nitzanim, the bitter isolation of the combatants, the lack of communication with the rear-front, lack of ammunition and food, and due to the high number of casualties in that defense, brings honor to all those who fought bitterly there, until the last bullet. What happened in Nitzanim happened also to other places, the defenders of which fought bravely to the last option.

What was so different this time? Why were they “isolated”, why the “lack of communication with the rear-front”? How come ammunition and food reinforcements weren’t replenished for 15 hours?!

Hebrew-language Wikipedia is even worse. It doesn’t even have the above paragraph.

All it says is this:

Commander Yitzchak Pundak originally critical of the surrender, spent years investigating, later learned the truth and traveled all the way to Manhatten in 2003 to apologize for firing one of the defenders of Nitzanim.

But what is that ugly truth the establishment still seems so determined to obfuscate?

The truth is, Nitzanim was on the wrong side politically. Nitzanim belonged to “No’ar Hatzioni“, and the higher-ups to “Hashomer Hatza’ir”, of course…

Enough said.

Conclusion: Criminalizing decentralized self-defense has cost us Jewish lives from the start.

ציון היא חלק מהיהדות

שמעתי מההיסטוריון הרב בערל ויין בשם רבי חיים אלעזר וקס, בעל שו”ת נפש חיה שהסביר:

“התנגדתי לרפורמים שהוציאו את ציון וירושלים מהסידור, ואני מתנגד ל”חובבי ציון” שמוציאים את הסידור מציון וירושלים.”

Now, When? A Novel Translation of the Word ‘Miyad’

Miyad Mamash

What does “Miyad” mean in postbiblical Hebrew? This not a trick question.

To ‘publish’ a novel theory before complete observation of all the available evidence (or at least a large enough pool of falsifiable data samples) is not “serious”.

Nevertheless, since:

1. There is no question of deciding any Halacha based on the notion.

2. Seeing as Jews must occupy the majority of their time with actual learning.

Let’s leave the painstaking lexical verification of combing through mountains of references to those whom this work rightly suits.

‘Yours truly’ believes he has seen adequate anecdotal passages to at least record an idea here. If anyone found/finds new data requiring reconsideration, please email me.

The grand theory is as follows:

Usually, Miyad means what you thought it means; “now”. Sometimes, however, it means: “and so”, or “and this caused….” [Let’s be fancy: “pursuant to the aforementioned occurrence”]. So, Miyad – “from the hand”, can mean “now”, or “therefore”. I will presently exhibit each translation with examples.

Translation A: Immediately.

Kiddushin 29a, end –

למולו מנלן דכתיב וימל אברהם את יצחק בנו והיכא דלא מהליה אבוה מיחייבי בי דינא למימהליה דכתיב המול לכם כל זכר והיכא דלא מהליה בי דינא מיחייב איהו למימהל נפשיה דכתיב וערל זכר אשר לא ימול את בשר ערלתו ונכרתה איהי מנלן דלא מיחייבא דכתיב כאשר צוה אותו אלהים אותו ולא אותה אשכחן מיד לדורות מנלן תנא דבי ר’ ישמעאל כל מקום שנאמר צו אינו אלא זירוז מיד ולדורות זירוז דכתיב וצו את יהושע וחזקהו ואמצהו מיד ולדורות דכתיב מן היום אשר צוה ה’ והלאה לדורותיכם

And Berachos 7b –

תנא משמיה דרבי מאיר בשעה שהחמה זורחת וכל מלכי מזרח ומערב מניחים כתריהם בראשיהם ומשתחוים לחמה מיד כועס הקדוש ברוך הוא

The Gemara is obviously referring to the precise moment, as is clear from the context regarding Balaam’s attempted curse.

Translation B: Therefore.

There are quite a few stories in Gemara where it says Miyad, and yet it’s evident that the next action only takes place days, months, even years later. For instance, see Toras Chaim’s question on Sanhedrin 89b –

מיד והאלהים נסה את אברהם”. משמע דמעשה העקדה מיד אחר דבריו של שטן הוה וכן משמע ממה שנאמר ויהי אחר הדברים האלה דכ”מ שנאמר אחר סמוך ותימה דמדקאמר שטן מכל סעודה שעשה לא היה לו להקריב תור חד משמע דמיד אחר הסעודה הוה אמר הכי וסעודה ביום הגמל את יצחק הוה ובשעת העקדה כבר היה בן שלשים ושבע שנים

Here are two more illustrations of the theory.

See Yalkut (Genesis 6:44, beginning) –

כל אותה הלילה היה לוט מבקש רחמים על הסדומיים והיו מקבלין מידו כיון שאמרו איה האנשים הוציאם אלינו ונדעה אותם לתשמיש מיד אמרו לו עוד מי לך פה עד כאן היה לך רשות ללמד סניגוריא מכאן ואילך אין לך רשות

The traditional understanding doesn’t help us here. The Torah says explicitly that the incident with the townsmen occurred at bedtime, while the angels’ discussion with Lot took place only afterward. Our theory also explains the superfluous “Letashmish”: in other words, greed etc. is one thing, but once it’s about man rape, no justification can be accepted.

Also see Avos D’Rabbi Nosson 9:2 –

מה תלמוד לומר וילך מלמד שנסתלק [הצרעת] מאהרן ודבק במרים מפני שלא היה אהרן עסקן בדברים אבל מרים שהיתה עוסקת בדברים (מיד) נענשה יותר

Here are the verses themselves (Numbers 12:5 – 10) for reference:

וירד השם בעמוד ענן ויעמד פתח האהל ויקרא אהרן ומרים ויצאו שניהם

ויאמר…

ויחר אף השם בם וילך והענן סר מעל האהל והנה מרים מצרעת כשלג ויפן אהרן אל מרים והנה מצרעת

One of the commentaries on Avos D’Rabbi Nosson explains that “Vehineh” in the last verse indicates immediacy. This explanation is unsuccessful, because, as one can see in the quoted text, there is no good reason to make that very point at the very point it appears, by now in the midst of a different discussion. The Vilna Gaon, on the other hand, simply deletes the word “Miyad” from his reading… I humbly present my own interpretation resolving the text as is – but neatly.

In many other Chazalic sources, both interpretations of Miyad serve well (although the correct rendition is probably simply “now”).

There’s a simple test for this idea: if we can find a Gemara saying “Miyad”, consequently recorded in the Zohar as “Ve’ukmuha (the Gemara says)… uvegin kach… (I.e. therefore)”, that would be proof positive. Maybe later…

My rabbis, ArtScroll, and others have always translated Miyad as A, and tie themselves up in knots accordingly. Perhaps it’s time for a change. I recall years and years ago seeing Shut Shvus Yitzchak (1:33) delving into this very question, but I can’t find the book anywhere.

P. S. There are a whole bunch of places where Miyad is put in parentheses for unclear reasons. See Mishna Ta’anis 3:1 –

סדר תעניות אלו האמור, ברביעה ראשונה. אבל צמחים ששנו, מתריעין עליהם מיד. וכן שפסקו גשמים בין גשם לגשם ארבעים יום, מתריעין עליהם (מיד), מפני שהיא מכת בצרת

See the Vagshal edition (that’s “Wagschall” for you) on the variant readings. Here both mentions of “Miyad” seem to fit fine in context, both in terms of rendition A. See too Ritva, end of 18b.

Have something to say? Write to Avraham Rivkas: CommentTorah@gmail.com